On March 11, 2024, the White House released the President’s fiscal year (FY) 2025 budget, which builds upon the priorities included in the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (Bipartisan Infrastructure Law),[1] CHIPS and Science Act,[2] and the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA).[3]

For the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), the Administration is requesting $130.7 billion in discretionary funding and $1.7 trillion in mandatory funding.[4]^,[5] In a fact sheet regarding the FY 2025 budget request, HHS said: “The budget works to ensure all Americans have access to affordable healthcare; improve maternal and reproductive health outcomes; strengthen early care and education; address the needs of Indian Country; and advance scientific innovation.”[6]

The ultimate budget for HHS and its subagencies will be determined by Congress and not the White House. However, the budget request does provide insight into the Administration’s policies and administrative priorities for the coming year.

The White House’s FY 2025 budget is available here. A full HHS operating division budget breakdown is included in the HHS FY 2025 Budget in Brief.

BUDGET REQUEST HIGHLIGHTS

To extend the solvency of the Medicare Trust Fund, the budget does not propose to cut benefits, but would make significant reforms to the tax code, such as increasing tax rates on individual incomes over $400,000 ($450,000 for married couples). The budget would also redirect revenue from the Net Investment Income Tax (NIIT) and savings from prescription drug-related proposals to the Medicare Hospital Insurance (HI) Trust Fund.

The budget also outlines the administration’s health priorities: reducing healthcare costs and expanding access to quality, affordable healthcare; advancing Cancer Moonshot initiatives; transforming behavioral healthcare; improving public health infrastructure and capabilities to advance health outcomes; supporting maternal health; advancing health equity; and improving child welfare:

• The budget signals the President’s continued focus on lowering health care costs, with an emphasis on reducing drug prices, through several proposals including expanding the IRA’s inflation rebates policies and $2,000 out-of-pocket prescription drug cost cap to commercial plans, increasing the number of drugs to be negotiated under Medicare, and permitting biosimilar substitution without prior Food and Drug Administration (FDA) determination of interchangeability.
• The budget reaffirms the President’s commitment to behavioral healthcare through additional investments into and expanded coverage of care, including through ensuring parity of coverage between behavioral and physical conditions, strengthening the behavioral health workforce, and promoting interoperability.
• The budget would make permanent health coverage premium tax credits that were extended under the IRA and would provide Medicaid-like coverage for individuals in States that did not expand Medicaid coverage under the Affordable Care Act.

Additional details are included below.

DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES

Discretionary Funding Request: $130.7 billion ($2.2 billion increase / 1.7 percent decrease from the FY 2023 level)[7]

Advancing Maternal Health

• $1.8 billion for the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) Maternal and Child Health Programs (a $117 million increase above FY 2024).
• $390 million for the Title X Family Planning program to increase the number of patients able to be served (a 36 percent increase above FY 2023).
• $376 million to support the ongoing implementation of the White House Blueprint for Addressing the Maternal Health Crisis[8], including funding to the Indian Health Service (IHS), Centers for Disease Control (CDC), and National Institutes of Health in addition to HRSA to reduce maternal mortality and address maternal health disparities.

Advancing Health Equity

• $18 million (increase of $6 million above FY 2023) to the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) to support the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force’s efforts to address health equity including strengthening transparency and patient engagement and increasing responsiveness to new evidence.
• $15 million in discretionary program management funds to CMS to advance health equity including building analytic capabilities that integrate data and identify disparities in underserved populations across programs, improving language access and culturally tailored services, and expanding research opportunities to improve minority health among other activities.
• $75 million to the Office of Minority Health which leads and coordinates minority health activities, policies, and programs to reduce health disparities and advance health equity.

Enhancing Federal Program Oversight and Care Quality

• $4.1 billion in new mandatory and discretionary Health Care Fraud and Abuse Control (HCFAC) funding over the next 10 years to HHS and the Department of Justice to address growing fraud and abuse in federal health programs. The budget estimates savings of $5.0 billion in net savings over the next decade from this investment along with new proposed legislative authorities to strengthen program integrity oversight.
  • Proposed legislative authorities to strengthen program integrity include a proposal to increase mandatory HCFAC funding over the current law baseline levels. This additional mandatory investment would support top priorities such as Medicare fee-for-service (FFS) medical review, fraud and abuse audits and investigations, increased staffing for oversight and enforcement and cutting-edge data analytics.
  • Another legislative proposal is to increase private equity and real estate investment trust ownership transparency in Long-Term Care Facilities.
  • Also includes several legislative proposals for the Medicare Advantage Program such as implementing targeted risk-adjustment pre-payment review, expanding tools to identify and investigate fraud, prohibit unsolicited Medicare beneficiary contacts, and to ensure providers that violate Medicare safety requirements cannot quickly reenter the program.
• $103 million in mandatory appropriations for the Medicaid Integrity Program.CMS uses these funds to provide technical support to states and contracts with eligible entities to execute activities, such as agency reviews, audits, identification of overpayments, and education activities.
• $492 million for Survey and Certification to strengthen health, quality, and safety oversight for 69,000 participating Medicare or Medicaid provider facilities, with specific focus on nursing homes. This proposal would allow states to have funding to complete 85 percent of nursing homes inspections, though that is still below the 100 percent required in the statute. The Administration highlights that it is committed to surveying every nursing home every year.
• $159 million for the Office of Medicare Hearings and Appeals (OMHA). This is a decrease from previous years because OMHA has successfully decreased the long backlog of appeals by 98 percent and has enough staff to meet the 90-day adjudication requirement.

Proposals for Patients with Diabetes

• Legislative proposal to reauthorize the NIH’s Special Type 1 Diabetes Program $250 million in FY 2024, $260 million in FY 2025, and $270 million in FY 2026, and exempt this funding from mandatory sequestration; and to reauthorize the Special Diabetes Program for Indians for 3 years and provide $250 million in FY 2024, $260 million in FY 2025, and$270 million in FY 2026 in mandatory funding.
• Proposal to make the Medicare Diabetes Prevention Program, a CMS Innovation Center model that includes evidence-based services aimed to help prevent onset of type 2 diabetes, a permanent Part B benefit. The budget highlights that this is a key improvement and investment in Medicare benefits.
• A legislative proposal to expand Medicare’s $35 co-pay cap for a month’s supply of insulin products to commercial markets.

Promoting Biomedical Research

• $2.9 billion for the Cancer Moonshot initiative, including $716 million in discretionary funding to the NIH National Cancer Institute ($500 million increase above FY 2023); includes reauthorization of the 21^stCentury Cures Act Cancer Moonshot through 2026 and proposes $1.4 billion in mandatory resources in FY 2025; and $756 million to the CDC for various cancer prevention and control programs.
• $50.1 billion ($2.4 billion increase over FY 2023) for NIH including $1.5 billion (no change from FY 2023) to fund activities at the Advanced Research Projects Agency for Health (ARPA-H). ARPA-H is tasked with building capabilities to drive biomedical innovation. ARPA-H’s research and development programs impact cancer and other diseases, conditions, and disruptive health systems. ARPA-H will also help lead and advance the goals of the Cancer Moonshot initiative.

The budget also includes:

• $1.2 billion in authorized and base funding for All of Us longitudinal biomedical dataset development and Brain Research Through Advancing Innovative Neurotechnologies (BRAIN) [9]
• Over $1.8 billion for opioids, stimulant, and pain research (no change from FY 2023), including $1.2 billion to support ongoing research and $636 million for the Helping to End Additional Long-term Initiative.
• $95 million to address health disparities and inequities in biomedical research.
• $270 million for National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) development of a universal influenza vaccine against multiple influenza strains (no change from FY 2023).
• $26 million for NIH-sponsored Centers for AIDS Research and HIV/AIDS Research Centers efforts to end HIV (no change from FY 2023).
• $43 million for the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development to continue implementing the Maternal Health and Pregnancy Outcomes Vision for Everyone initiative ($13.4 million increase over FY 2023).
• $154 million for the Office of Women’s Health Research within the Office of the Director to support women’s health research ($76 million increase over FY 2023).
• $2.5 million for National Institute of Mental Health research on diagnostics, improved treatments, and enhanced precision of care for mental health ($200 million increase over FY 2023).
• $25 million for firearms and gun violence research ($12 million increase over FY 2023).
• $30 million for the National Library of Medicine to create and maintain collection, storage, and analytics for data obtained from the clinical care environment.
• $20 billion for biodefense activities, including $2.7 billion for NIH research and development of vaccines, diagnostics, and therapeutics against high-priority viral families, biosafety and biosecurity, and expanding laboratory capacity and clinical trial infrastructure.

Enhancing Cybersecurity and IT Infrastructure

• Proposes a $1.3 billion Medicare Incentive program for hospitals to adopt cybersecurity best practices that would run from FY 2027 through FY 2030:
  • $800 million would go towards approximately 2,000 high-needs, low resource hospitals that still need to adopt essential cybersecurity practices. Funds would be distributed in FY 2027 and FY 2028. This proposal would also come with new penalties within the Promoting Interoperability program for hospitals that failed to adopt essential cybersecurity practices. Starting in FY 2029 hospitals would face penalties of up to 100 percent of the annual market basket update. In FY 2031, this penalty would increase to include up to a 1 percent base payment reduction.
  • $500 million would go towards incentivizing all hospitals to invest in advanced cybersecurity practices. Funds would be distributed in FY 2029 and FY 2030. Starting in FY 2031, hospitals that failed to adopt would be subject to penalties of up to 100 percent of the annual market basket update and a 1 percent reduction base payment reduction.
• Proposes a $1 billion program to advance health IT for Inpatient Psychiatric Facilities and Outpatient and some Residential Treatment Facilities.
• $86 million for the Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information. Technology (ONC), a $20 million increase from FY 2023. Some of this increased funding would be used to help improve health IT and encourage adoption among behavioral health providers.
• $141 million for cybersecurity initiatives in the Office of the Chief Information Officer (OCIO) to help HHS protect and defend its information systems (a $41 million increase over FY 2023). For a full breakdown of how this $141 million is allocated, see page 172 of the Budget in Brief.
  • This program will “play a major role in advancing the responsible use of artificial intelligence in healthcare.”
• $744 million to support CMS IT systems and allow the agency to complete system upgrades.
• $435 million to support the IHS Electronic Health Record modernization effort ($218 million over FY 2023):
  • From FY 2026 to FY 2030, a proposed $1.3 billion would be provided each year in mandatory funding to fully-fund the modernization effort.
• $317 million for Health Care Readiness and Recovery within the Administration for Strategic Preparedness and Response (ASPR), a $12 million increase over FY 2023 spending. Health Care Readiness and Recovery programs help coordinate and provide care during emergencies. Per HHS, the increase will be used to fund improvements to ASPR’s cyber security functions.
• $30 million for the National Library of Medicine to better collect and store clinical care data for the purpose of training artificial intelligence (AI).
• $6 million for AI activities within the Office of the Secretary.

Supporting Mental Health

• $8.1 billion to the Substance Use and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), including $3.525 billion for mental health and $4.431 billion for substance use services and substance use prevention services (see page 59 in the budget in brief). Highlights include:
  • $1.043 billion for the Community Mental Health Services Block Grant ($610 million decrease over FY 2024 proposed spend and a $35 million increase over FY 2023).
  • $413 million in new mandatory funding for Community Mental Health Centers.
  • $450 million for the Certified Community Behavioral Health Clinics program.
  • $602 million for the 9-8-8 program ($234 million decrease over FY 2024 proposed spend and a $100 million increase over FY 2023).
  • $40 million for mobile crisis response ($60 million decrease over FY 2024 proposed spend and a $20 million increase over FY 2023).
  • $180 for Children’s Mental Health Services ($45 million decrease over FY 2024 proposed spend and a $50 million increase over FY 2023).
  • $20 million for the Minority Fellowship Programs ($17 million decrease over FY 2024 proposed spend).
• Highlights from other agencies include:
  • $254 million to HRSA for Behavioral Health Workforce Development Program.
  • $1.8 billion to NIH for opioid, stimulant, and pain research, including $636 million allocated to the Helping to End Addiction Long-term initiative.
  • $200 million to NIH for the National Institute of Mental Health
• Relevant Proposals Include:
  • Requiring Medicare to cover up to three behavioral health visits per year without cost-sharing starting in 2026. This is projected to cost $1.5 billion over 10 years.
  • Expanding the Mental Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act to Medicare, which would ensure that the parity requirements of the law apply to mental health and substance use disorder benefits offered by Medicare Advantage plans. This proposal aims to expand access to behavioral health coverage for Medicare beneficiaries.

Investing in the Treatment and Prevention of Infectious Diseases

The budget includes several proposals to invest in the treatment of infectious diseases, including Hepatitis C, HIV, and vaccine-preventable diseases.

• The budget allocates $2.58 billion, a $10 million increase from FY 2024, for the Ryan White HIV/AIDS Program, which has led the country’s response to HIV over the past three decades. This funding supports cities, counties, states, and community-based organizations in providing comprehensive HIV primary medical care, support services, and treatment for individuals with low incomes living with HIV.
• The budget includes an additional $10 million above FY 2024 for the Ending the HIV Epidemic in the United States Initiative, bringing the total funding to $175 million. This initiative targets areas with a high burden of new HIV diagnoses, focusing on newly diagnosed patients and those who can be reengaged in care.
• Proposes $435 million for the establishment of a National Hepatitis C Elimination Program.
• Includes a legislative proposal to initiate a new mandatory Vaccines for Adults program to increase access to routine and outbreak vaccines for uninsured adults ($823 million).
• The FY 2025 budget seeks to increase access to HIV/AIDS Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) under Medicaid and CHIP and through the establishment of a PrEP delivery program ($213 million). PrEP has been shown to significantly reduce the risk of contracting HIV, yet its coverage under state Medicaid programs is variable. This proposal mandates states to cover PrEP and related laboratory services without cost-sharing for Medicaid and CHIP beneficiaries. It also imposes limitations on utilization management practices, like prior authorization, which can obstruct access to PrEP. The expansion of coverage to eliminate barriers to PrEP for Medicaid and CHIP eligible beneficiaries will cost $730 million and is aligned with the Ending the HIV Epidemic initiative. This program is expected to generate $10.6 billion in savings over a decade.

Preparing for Future Pandemics and Other Biological Threats

The FY 2025 budget for the Administration for Strategic Preparedness and Response (ASPR) includes several significant proposals relevant to pandemic preparedness. The proposals aim to strengthen the nation’s biodefense capabilities, enhance preparedness for future pandemics, and ensure the availability of critical medical countermeasures and supplies in the event of public health emergencies.

• The budget allocates $3.8 billion for ASPR, marking a $138 million increase from FY 2023. This funding aims to activate federal capabilities in response to various disasters and to bolster biodefense and cybersecurity functions against evolving public health threats.
• The budget proposes $95 million for onshoring the production of medical countermeasures and active pharmaceutical ingredients, enhancing the nation’s visibility of the medical supply chain, and supporting key government-wide goals like the National Biodefense Strategy and Made in America initiative. Additionally, ASPR plans to invest $10.5 billion in advanced research and development of vaccines, therapeutics, and diagnostics to combat high-priority viral families, scale up domestic manufacturing capacity, and support the public health workforce.
• The Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA) is allocated $970 million, with a $20 million increase from FY 2023. This funding aims to develop new countermeasures against antimicrobial resistance and steward critical countermeasures toward FDA approval, including those for Ebola, Marburg, Sudan virus, and MPox.
• $328 million is designated for ASPR’s Pandemic Influenza program to prepare for the next influenza pandemic. This includes supporting the development, licensure, and manufacture of products to better detect, treat, and prevent pandemic influenza.
• $820 million is allocated to Project BioShield to sustain a pipeline of critical medical countermeasures and move key candidates along the development pipeline, including Phase 2 and 3 clinical trials, establishment of manufacturing processes, and procurement.
• $965 million is designated for the Strategic National Stockpile to maintain, store, and replenish existing stockpile products, while also allowing for procurement of new medical countermeasures previously supported by BARDA.

Improving Senior, Children, and Family Wellbeing

• $21.3 billion in discretionary funds for HHS’s existing early care and education programs ($1 billion increase over FY 2024).
  • $8.5 billion to the Child Care and Development Block Grant[10] and $12.5 billion for Head Start programs[11] ($500 million and $544 million increase over FY 2024, respectively).
  • $250 million for Preschool Development Grants to expand state-based systems of early learning and address challenges with mental health and workforce in early childhood education ($65 million decrease over FY 2024).
  • Budget proposes a new program to offer working families with incomes up to $200,000 per year access to affordable, high-quality childcare from birth until kindergarten for up to $10 per day.
• $11.4 billion over 10 years to expand services and supports for families at risk of mistreating children or involvement in the child welfare system.
• $146 million to Runaway and Homeless Youth programs, the same as FY 2024.
• $1.8 billion over 10 years to address specific commitments made as part of the White House Conference on Hunger, Nutrition, and Health.
• $2.7 billion for the Administration for Community Living (ACL) to continue supporting access to nutrition programs, home and community-based support for seniors, emergency preparedness services, direct caregiver services, and suicide prevention efforts ($70 million increase over FY 2024).
• $150 billion over 10 years to improve and strengthen Medicaid home and community-based services to allow people who are aging and those with disabilities to receive care in their home or community.

Ensuring Adequate and Stable Funding for Indian Health Services

• $8.2 billion to IHS (increase of $1.1 billion over FY 2023). The budget proposes full mandatory funding for all IHS accounts beginning in 2026, which will automatically grow each year to account for inflationary factors, programmatic needs, and backlogs in healthcare services and infrastructure.
• $8.0 billion in discretionary resources for IHS (including $260 million in proposed mandatory funding for the Special Diabetes Program for Indians) ($10 million increase over FY 2024).
• $66 million through the Administration for Native Americans, within the Administration for Children and Families, to preserve and enhance Native American languages ($5 million increase over FY 2024).

Innovative Payment and Service Delivery Models

• The Center for Medicare and Medicaid Innovation (CMMI) obligations of $1.347 billion in 2025, an increase of $300 million from 2024.

CMMI will continue to prioritize efforts to address accountable care, advance health equity, support innovation, and address affordability and health care system transformation in alignment with CMS goals and priorities.[12] CMMI highlighted current activities and future plans for models including the drug affordability and accessibility models announced in February 2023[13] that were selected for testing.[14]

Drug Pricing and Cost Sharing Legislative Proposals

Medicare

• Proposes expanding the Medicare Prescription Drug Price Negotiation Program by increasing the number of drugs subject to negotiation and making drugs eligible for negotiation sooner after their launch. The Administration did not specify the increased number of drugs it proposes to negotiate nor a new timeframe for negotiation eligibility. Under the current program, by September 1, 2023, CMS will select and negotiate prices for 10 Part D drugs for 2026, 15 additional Part D drugs for 2027, 15 additional Part B or Part D drugs for 2028, and 20 additional Part B or Part D drugs for each year after that.
• Proposes requiring all Part D plans, including both standalone prescription drug plans and Medicare Advantage prescription drug plans, to offer a Medicare standard list of generic drugs at a maximum copayment of $2 for a 30-day supply across all phases of the prescription drug benefit until the beneficiary reaches the out-of-pocket maximum ($1.3 billion in costs over 10 years).
• Proposes permitting biosimilar substitution without prior FDA determination of interchangeability. This legislative proposal would amend Section 351 of the Public Health Service Act to no longer include a separate statutory standard for a determination of interchangeability and to deem all approved biosimilars to be interchangeable with their respective reference product. The budget states that this change would make the U.S. biosimilar program more consistent with current scientific understanding as well as with the approach of other major regulatory jurisdictions where biosimilars are interchangeable with their respective reference products upon approval (Budget Neutral).
• Proposes providing HHS the authority to cover drugs, vaccines, or devices authorized by the FDA for emergency use, or other items and services used to treat a pandemic disease during a public health emergency, including associated administration, vaccine counseling, or dispensing fees, without cost-sharing (Savings Not Scorable).
• Proposes requiring drug manufacturers to report Average Sales Price (ASP) data for oral methadone to improve accuracy of Medicare payments for Opioid Treatment Programs. Oral methadone, which is used for Opioid Use Disorder and pain management, is not currently separately payable as a drug or biological under Medicare Part B, and manufacturers are not subject to ASP reporting requirements. Available data indicates that ASP information is voluntarily reported for only three out of 50 National Drug Codes for oral methadone preparations (Savings Not Scorable).

Medicaid and Children’s Health Insurance Program

• Proposes technical changes to allow territories to participate in the Medicaid Drug Rebate Program, rather than requiring a waiver for territories not ready to participate in the program. This also would exclude territory prescription drug sales from certain drug pricing calculations (Budget Neutral).
• Proposes a process under which CMS and participating state Medicaid programs partner with a private contractor to negotiate supplemental rebates from drug manufacturers. Currently, states may negotiate supplemental rebates, but there is no federal program to negotiate supplemental rebates on behalf of state Medicaid programs ($5.2 billion in savings over 10 years).
• Proposes aligning the eligibility processes for the Medicare Savings Programs and Part D Low-Income Subsidy to reduce administrative barriers to enrollment and eliminate redundant federal government and states eligibility determinations ($4.3 billion in Medicaid costs over 10 years).
• Proposes allowing states to extend Medicaid drug rebates to separate CHIP programs starting in FY 2024. States with separate CHIP programs do not currently have authority to collect Medicaid drug rebates on drugs dispensed to CHIP beneficiaries ($2.3 billion in savings over 10 years).
• Proposes expanding the Vaccines for Children (VFC) program to children under the age of 19 enrolled in separate CHIPs, covers vaccine administration fee for uninsured children, and establishes a provider reimbursement rate floor for vaccine administration fees under the VFC program. The VFC provides doses of vaccines recommended by the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices to children under the age of 19 who are Medicaid beneficiaries, uninsured, underinsured, or Indians as defined in the Indian Health Care Improvement Act. However, currently, children enrolled in separate CHIP do not qualify to receive vaccines through the VFC program, which creates administrative burdens for providers, states, and the CDC ($2.2 billion in savings to CHIP over 10 years; $1.9 billion in net costs over 10 years).

Commercial

• Proposes extending drug inflation rebates to the commercial market. Currently, the IRA requires manufacturers to pay rebates to Medicare when drug prices for certain rebatable Medicare Part B or Part D drugs rise at a rate faster than the rate of inflation.
• Proposes expanding the current Medicare cost-sharing limit for insulin of $35 a month to apply to consumers with group and individual commercial market coverage ($20 million in costs over 10 years).
• Proposes expanding the $2,000 out-of-pocket cap to all private insurance market plans. Currently, the IRA has implemented a $2,000 annual cap on beneficiary out-of-pocket costs in Medicare Part D in 2025.

The expansion of Medicare drug price negotiation, extension of inflation rebates to the commercial market, and other steps to build on the IRA, which were scored as one proposal within the budget, are anticipated to save $200 billion over 10 years.

For a complete listing of the proposals included in the HHS budget request, refer to the HHS FY 2025 Budget in Brief.

********

This Applied Policy® Summary was prepared by Emma Hammer with support from the Applied Policy team of health policy experts. If you have any questions or need more information, please contact him at ehammer@appliedpolicy.com or at (202) 558-5272.

[1] Pub. L. 117-58

[2] Pub. L. 117-167

[3] Pub. L. 117-169

[4] https://www.hhs.gov/about/budget/fy2025/index.html

[5] The Fiscal Responsibility Act, enacted in 2023, established statutory spending caps on discretionary spending for 2025.

[6] https://www.hhs.gov/about/budget/fy2025/index.html

[7] Figures in this document compare FY 2025 budget totals to the most recent full year available at the time the document was finalized. For the mandatory budget, that is the FY 2024 current law baseline, and for discretionary, that is the final FY 2023 level.

[8] https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Maternal-Health-Blueprint.pdf

[9] The All of Us program seeks to create one of the largest and diverse longitudinal biomedical datasets, leading to breakthroughs in medical research and treatment. BRAIN encourages collaboration in brain and nervous system research.

[10] https://www.acf.hhs.gov/occ/ccdf-reauthorization.

[11] https://www.acf.hhs.gov/ohs/about/head-start.

[12] See CMMI’s Strategy for the Future. https://innovation.cms.gov/strategic-direction

[13] https://innovation.cms.gov/data-and-reports/2023/eo-rx-drug-cost-response-report

[14] HHS. Fiscal Year 2024 Budget in Brief. Mar. 9, 2023, 111. https://www.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/fy-2024-budget-in-brief.pdf